Kamis, 22 Maret 2018

Business English 2

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Pronouns Analysis : Hacker Surabaya Black Hat (SBH)


1.1  Background

Hackers are people who study, analyze, modify, break into computers and computer networks, either for profit or motivated by challenges. Hackers can also be categorized work done to find weaknesses of a system and provide ideas or opinions that can improve the weaknesses of the system it finds.
The latest one is that three students of a private university in Surabaya are desperate to breach the digital site security system in 44 countries, including those of the United States government. Head of Public Relations of Polda Metro Jaya Pol Kombes Argo Yuwono called the suspect NA (21), KPS (21), and ATP (21), breaking 600 sites in 44 countries.
Hacking group called Surabaya black hat (SBY) allegedly hacked thousands of sites in dozens of countries due to economic motives. This is revealed from the police investigation, where the suspects are known to ask tens of millions of rupiah to the victims. After hacked he sent via email, if you want repaired, must pay money around Rp15-25 million. As for the results of hacking and extortion, each suspect can reap hundreds of millions of rupiah in a year. For example throughout 2017, one person pocketed Rp100-Rp200 million.
But one of Surabaya Black Hat hackers has been contracted by a foreign company to audit the IT security system. There are several companies and agencies that hire him, including one of the universities in the United States. Some are from America, the hosting companies there also use me for security audit information system and there are from universities in America, "said NAP in a conversation with AFP in Polda Metro Jaya.
I strongly disagree with the actions of hackers from Surabaya or the so-called black hat, because their deeds can harm some parties. They also blackmail the hacked parties by them. But the good thing is they are offered a job by an American origin company assigned to audit the IT security system. But it's not good to use such a way to earn money and work, we better use our skills to get it all. The hackers should be hired and hired in government IT agencies to strengthen programming created by government programmers.

1.2  Theory

Pronouns
In grammar, a pronoun is defined as a word or phrase that may be substituted for a noun or noun phrase, which once replaced, is known as the pronoun’s antecedent. How is this possible? In a nutshell, it’s because pronouns can do everything that nouns can do. A pronoun can act as a subject, direct object, indirect object, object of the preposition, and more. Without pronouns, we’d have to keep on repeating nouns, and that would make our speech and writing repetitive, not to mention cumbersome. Most pronouns are very short words. Examples include:
  •          He
  •          She
  •          They
  •          It
  •          We
  •          Who

As mentioned, pronouns are usually used to replace nouns, however they can also stand in for certain adverbsadjectives, and other pronouns. Anytime you want to talk about a person, animal, place or thing, you can use pronouns to make your speech or writing flow better.

Types of Pronouns
Pronouns can be divided into numerous categories including:

1.      Indefinite pronouns
Indefinite pronouns are those referring to one or more unspecified objects, beings, or places. They are called “indefinite” simply because they do not indicate the exact object, being, or place to which they refer.
Indefinite pronouns include partitives such as any, anybody, anyone, either, neither, nobody, no, someone, and some; they also include universals such as every, all, both, and each; finally, they include quantifiers including any, some, several, enough, many, and much. Many indefinite pronouns can also function as determiners.

2.      Personal pronoun
A personal pronoun is a pronoun that is associated primarily with a particular person, in the grammatical sense.
When discussing “person” in terms of the grammatical, the following rules apply:
  •          First person, as in “I”
  •          Second person, as in “you”
  •          Third person, as in “It, he, she”
      3.    Reflexive pronoun
A reflexive pronoun is a type of pronoun that is preceded by the adverbadjectivepronoun, or noun to which it refers, so long as that antecedent is located within the same clause.

4.    demonstrative pronoun
A demonstrative pronoun is a pronoun that is used to point to something specific within a sentence. These pronouns can indicate items in space or time, and they can be either singular or plural.

5.      Possessive pronouns
Possessive pronouns are those designating possession. They may also be used as substitutes for noun phrases, and they are typically found at the end of a sentence or clause. There are only a few possessive pronouns in the English language, and there are only two specific rules for using them correctly. Keep these rules in mind when using possessive pronouns, and you’ll discover that writing properly is easier.

6.      relative pronoun
A relative pronoun is one which is used to refer to nouns mentioned previously, whether they are people, places, things, animals, or ideas. Relative pronouns can be used to join two sentences.

7.      interrogative pronoun
An interrogative pronoun is a pronoun which is used to make asking questions easy. There are just five interrogative pronouns. Each one is used to ask a very specific question or indirect question. Some, such as “who” and “whom,” refer only to people. Others can be used to refer to objects or people. Once you are familiar with interrogative pronouns, you’ll find that it’s very easy to use them in a variety of situations.

8.      reciprocal pronoun
A reciprocal pronoun is a pronoun which is used to indicate that two or more people are carrying out or have carried out an action of some type, with both receiving the benefits or consequences of that action simultaneously. Any time something is done or given in return, reciprocal pronouns are used. The same is true any time mutual action is expressed.

9.      intensive pronoun
An intensive pronoun is almost identical to a reflexive pronoun. It is defined as a pronoun that ends in self or selves and places emphasis on its antecedent by referring back to another noun or pronoun used earlier in the sentence. For this reason, intensive pronouns are sometimes called emphatic pronouns.

1.3  Analysis

Pronouns Type
Example from my background
Indefinite pronouns
     1.      each suspect can reap hundreds of millions of rupiah in a year.
     2.      either for profit or motivated by challenges.
     3.      we better use our skills to get it all.
     4.      Some are from America.
     5.      because their deeds can harm some parties.
Personal pronouns
    1.      I strongly disagree with the actions of hackers from Surabaya or the so-called black hat.
     2.      They also blackmail the hacked parties by them.
Reflexive pronouns
N/A
Demonstrative pronouns
     1.      But it's not good to use such a way to earn money and work.
     2.      This is revealed from the police investigation.
     3.      There are several companies and agencies that hire him.
Possessive pronouns
     1.      because their deeds can harm some parties.
Relative pronouns
     1.      Hackers are people who study, analyze, modify, break into computers.
     2.      There are several companies and agencies that hire him
Interrogative pronouns
N/A
Reciprocal pronouns
N/A
Intensive pronouns
N/A

1.4 Conclusion
            Conclusion from the background above is already a lot of hackers in Indonesia who can hack some sites abroad. In addition to hacking several sites, the hackers also ask for ransom to companies that have been hacked by their system. Although they have been arrested by the police, but they must be given counseling so as not to repeat his actions. The analysis used is about pronouns. In the above analysis the author uses 5 types of pronouns namely Indefinite pronouns, Personal pronouns, Demonstrative pronouns, Possessive pronouns, Relative pronouns.

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